We were also interested in the correlation between increasing number of neuropsychiatric symptoms and prevalence of mind-body therapy use. Our primary outcome was the use of at least one mind-body therapy (biofeedback, energy healing, hypnosis, tai chi, yoga, qi gong, meditation, guided imagery, progressive relaxation, deep breathing exercises) in the prior 12 months. Furthermore, we analyze the specific types, reasons for, and correlates of mind-body medicine use in adults with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Given this context, in this study, we extended our research using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to analyze specifically the prevalence of mind-body medicine use in adults with neuropsychiatric symptoms, and the variations in prevalence based on the number of symptoms. 11– 13 Additionally, for many patient populations, particularly those in the military with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), these therapies may carry less risk than conventional treatments, such as improper use of medications and overdosing on prescription medications. Furthermore, several trials using mind-body therapies such as meditation and yoga have shown the potential for beneficial neuroplasticity, which may indicate not only clinical efficacy, but a potential mechanism for longer term change. As largely lifestyle interventions, they may even help augment standard treatments. Unlike many CAM therapies, such as certain herbal treatments, these therapies are compatible with standard treatments such as pharmacological interventions without interfering with these treatments. Mind-body therapies are defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as practices that “focus on the interactions among the brain, mind, body, and behavior, with the intent to use the mind to affect physical functioning and promote health.” 10 The NIH considers mind-body therapies to include meditation, yoga, deep-breathing exercises, guided imagery, hypnotherapy, progressive relaxation, qi gong, and tai chi. 1 However, we do not know which mind-body therapies are being used by adults with these symptoms. 29%, p<0.001), and the most common CAM therapies used by adults with neuropsychiatric symptoms are mind-body therapies. We previously showed that patients with these symptoms were more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) than those without these symptoms (44% vs. 6, 7 Furthermore, migraine headaches with aura are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and increased mortality. For example, insomnia, anxiety, and depression are independent risk factors for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are concerning because they are independent risk factors for many other health conditions. 1 Furthermore, these symptoms are prevalent in many difficult to treat conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain syndromes, and fibromyalgia. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (memory loss, insomnia, regular headaches, anxiety, excessive sleepiness, attention deficits, and depression) are common in the general population, affecting nearly 82 million adults (37%) in the United States.
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